Ellis (1994, p.530) also concedes that there is “no easy way of telling whether a
strategy is motivated by a desire to learn or a desire to communicate”. This inability to
differentiate clearly between communication and learning strategies does nothing to
simplify the decision regarding what should or should not be included in learning
strategy taxonomies such as Rubin’s and others’, and leads to what Stern (1992, p.264)
acknowledges is “a certain arbitrariness in the classification of learning strategies