During the Pliocene the tectonic plates of India and Asia also collided, which formed the Himalayas. In North America, the Cascades, Rockies, Appalachians, and the Colorado plateaus were uplifted, and there was activity in the mountains of Alaska and in the Great Basin ranges of Nevada and Utah. The end of the Pliocene was marked in North America by the Cascadian revolution, during which the Sierra Nevada was elevated and tilted to the west. In Europe, many mountain ranges built up, including the Alps, which were folded and thrusted.