TURKEY
• In 1923, Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) led the movement
that created the Republic of Turkey over the demise of
the Ottoman Empire after WWI and the abolition of
the caliphate of Islam (1924)
• Ataturk became both President and leader of the
Republican People’s Party (RPP)
• Nationalism + Secularism
• After a Kurdish revolt in 1925, Ataturk assumed
dictatorial powers
• Deep process of Modernization and
Westernization (purge of religious symbols in the
public sphere… In 1928, Turkey became a secular state)
transformed the Turkish society