3.2.5. Summary of greenhouse gas emissions from sugarcane
cultivation
In total, emissions of CO2e for sugarcane plantation combined
amongfossil fuel use, chemical and organic fertilizer utilizationwere
2841.9 kg CO2e ha1 y (Table 3). The largest contribution comes from
fertilizer utilization. Calculated based on 62.5 ton cane ha1 y and
1 ton cane that produces 93.2 kg of sugar, in terms of per ton cane
this was 45.47 kg CO2e, and per kg of sugar this was 0.49 kg CO2e
(Table 3).
Table 3
Summary of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2e) from sugarcane cultivation.
Emission sources Emission
kg CO2e
ha1 y
kg CO2e
ton1 canea
kg CO2e
kg1 sugarb
I. Emissions from production of raw material used in sugarcane plantation
(1) Fossil fuel for farm operation (tillage, irrigation, insecticide, herbicide)
(a) Diesel fuel 77.8 1.24 0.01
(b) Gasoline fuel 22.4 0.36 0.004
(2) Diesel fuel (transportation) 52 0.83 0.009
(3) Synthetic fertilizer production
(a) Nitrogen (N) 365.6 5.85 0.06
(b) Phosphorus (P2O5) 23.6 0.38 0.004
(c) Potassium (K2O) 15 0.24 0.003
(4) Herbicide and insecticide 132 2.11 0.02
II. Emissions from sugarcane plantations
(1) Fossil fuel for farm operation (tillage, irrigation, insecticide, herbicide)
(a) Diesel fuel 429.4 6.87 0.07
(b) Gasoline fuel 53.6 0.86 0.01
(2) Diesel fuel (transportation) 287.2 4.59 0.05
(3) Fertilizer utilization
(a) N2O direct emission
-Synthetic N fertilizer 419.1 6.70 0.07
-Liquid swine manure 7.1 0.11 0.001
-Organic fertilizer (filter cake) 0.1 0.002 0.00002
(b) N2O indirect emission
-Emission from atmospheric
deposition of NOx and NH3
46.2 0.74 0.008
-Emission from leaching and runoff 95.9 1.53 0.02
(c) Urea application 262.3 4.20 0.05
(4) Biomass burning
-CH4 443 7.09 0.08
-N2O 109.5 1.75 0.02
Total 2841.9 45.47 0.49
a Calculate base on 62.5 ton cane yield ha1 (average yield data from
questionnaire).
b Calculated based on 1 ton cane can produce 93.2 kg sugar, the average for 4
sugar mills in eastern Thailand during 2003e2007 production year.