In addition to discrepancies regarding the impor- tance of protective factors versus protective processes, there is also confusion regarding the conceptualization of resilience as a personal trait versus a dynamic pro- cess (Luthar et al., 2000). This confusion is derived from the literature on ego-resiliency (Block & Block, 1980) that refers to personal characteristics of the individual as encompassing a set of traits reflecting general resourcefulness and sturdiness of character. Hence, the terms “ego-resiliency” and “resilience” differ on two dimensions (Luthar, 1996). First, “ego-resiliency is a personality characteristic of the individual, whereas resilience is a dynamic developmental process. Second, ego-resiliency does not presuppose exposure to sub- stantial adversity, whereas resilience, by definition, does” (Luthar et al., p. 546).