Hambleton andRogers (1991) noted four main differences: “(1) test purpose, (2) content specificity, (3) testdevelopment, and (4) test score generalizability” (p. 8). Norm-referenced testing (NRT) takes students’ scores and places them along thenormal distribution curve. It compares how studentsperform on a test relative to other students, commonly referred to as the normgroup