Granulated sugar was supplied by Royal Ingredients Group. All corn syrups were provided by Archer Daniels Midland. Sweetened condensed skim milk was provided by Galloway Company (Neenah, WI). Partially hydrogenated palm kernel oil, Silko 32-05, was supplied by AAK (Port Newark, NJ). Salt was supplied by Morton Salt, Inc. (Chicago,IL). Soy lecithin, Clearate B-60, was supplied by W.A. Cleary Products, Inc. (Somerset, NJ). All of the batches of caramel were made within the same lot of ingredients and the order of production was randomized. All caramels were made in duplicate.