Einstein's political view was in favor of socialism and critical of capitalism, which he detailed in his essays such as "Why Socialism?".[102][103] Einstein offered and was called on to give judgments and opinions on matters often unrelated to theoretical physics or mathematics.[71] He strongly advocated the idea of a democratic global government that would check the power of nation-states in the framework of a world federation.[104]
Einstein's views about religious belief have been collected from interviews and original writings. He called himself an agnostic, while disassociating himself from the label atheist.[105] He said he believed in the "pantheistic" God of Baruch Spinoza, but not in a personal god, a belief he criticized.[106][107] Einstein once wrote: "I do not believe in a personal God and I have never denied this but expressed it clearly".