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How to plant apple trees and other fruit trees
This article describes how to plant a new pot-grown or bare-root fruit tree in open ground. If you are planting in a patio pot or against a wall or trellis, you will still find some of this information useful.
Don't dig holes in advance, they will just fill with water. Dig them on the day you intend to plant the trees if possible.
If you have rabbits or deer or similar animals in the area, you must protect your new fruit trees. These animals WILL find the trees and eat them. Further advice is given below.
Planting is best done on a dry day. Do not try to plant your trees if the ground is either frozen or water-logged.
Planting fruit trees is a 2-person task, so the first step is to find a willing helper. At least one of you should be fit enough to dig a hole for the tree with a large fork or spade.
You will need:
Large fork and/or spade.
Either a permanent tree post or a temporary tree post.
A hammer big enough to bang the post in.
Rubber tree ties.
You should wear suitable protective clothing - gloves, strong boots, and eye protection.
Quick advice on planting apple trees for those in a hurry
If you don't have time to read the full article please note the following points:
Most new trees need a stake or post to support them while they get established. A proper tree stake (wood or metal) is best, but a heavy-duty bamboo cane will suffice for smaller trees if you are in a hurry.
Do NOT add compost or fertilizer to the planting hole (unless you are planting on re-claimed building land).
Apply a bucket of water after planting.
ALWAYS apply a mulch around the base of the tree after planting.
Most new trees should be cut back after planting. This is an essential step to help the tree establish.
If you have rabbits or deer in the area, you MUST protect the trees immediately - otherwise they will be eaten, usually the night after you have planted them.
NEVER keep fruit trees indoors. If the weather is too cold to plant, keep them in an un-heated garage and contact us.
You are welcome to contact us for further advice.
Planting instructions
Bare-root trees must be planted as soon as they arrive, preferably the same day - but do not attempt to plant them if the ground is frozen.
If you cannot plant the tree in its final position straightaway, you can keep the tree for a few days in a frost-free shed or garage, but do not uncover the roots, and make sure the tree is not exposed to frost. Do not keep the tree in a heated house. If you think the roots look dry, you can stand the tree in a bucket of cold water for 4-6 hours, which will help to re-hydrate it - but only do this immediately before planting. This is not always necessary if you plant the tree as soon as your receive it, but it is helpful if the tree has been left for several days.
If you need to store the tree for longer before planting, you should dig a shallow hole, remove the covering from the roots, and lie the tree on the ground so that the roots are in the hole. Then cover the roots with soil or sawdust and press firmly - this removes the air and prevents frost damaging the roots. This method is known as "heeling-in".
Step 1. What type of support?
Most - but not all - new fruit trees will require supporting with a post or stake. See our article on supporting a new fruit tree.
Step 2. Digging the hole
As noted above, do not dig the holes too far in advance, as they will inevitably fill with rainwater. Fruit trees do not like to be planted in standing water.
Now dig a hole for the tree to a depth of about 2ft / 0.5m. (For container-grown trees another way to guage the size of the hole is to make it 3 times the diameter of the container, and dig down the depth of the container plus 5cm). The hole should be a bit wider and deeper than the size of the roots. If possible, break up the sides and base of the hole further with a fork, so that the tree roots can grow out easily.
If you are planting beside a permanent stake, dig the hole for the tree on the south side of the stake (more sunlight). However if your site is exposed to a strong wind prevailing wind, put the hole on the downwind side of the post. If in doubt, avoiding a prevailing wind is more important than planting on the sunny side of the post.
It is best to dig the hole on the day you intend to plant the tree - this ensures it is not full of water if it rains beforehand.
Planting hole with level
Planting hole with level
Unless your soil condition is extremely bad it is not necessary to add fertilizer to the planting hole, in fact it is a bad idea. You want to encourage the tree roots to grow outwards,