A simplified heat production process includes heat production,
fuel transportation, labor and services. To investigate properly the
environmental impact and eco-efficiency of heat production, it is
essential to specify the heat consumption, the performance of the
heating system, the properties of the fuel, the modes of transport
used for fuel supply (for example, coal can be transported by rail,
wood by trucks and natural gas by pipelines, it is also possible to
combine different modes of transport) and the labor and services
required during the process.
The first law efficiency of the heating system has a significant
impact on fuel use, since high efficiency reduces fuel consumption
required to meet heating demand. A special care should be taken in
choosing the type and quality of fuel, since the fuel consumption
and the associated environmental impacts depend on the properties
of the fuel. More especially renewable and fossil fuels must be
clearly distinguished. It is also crucial to identify the means of
transport, the sources of energy and the distance crossed to deliver
the fuel. Finally, the environmental impairments of all labor and
services needed during the process have to be taken into account.
A carbon footprint analysis and an emergy evaluation have been
used to realize the eco-environmental quality assessment of two
heating systems. These two environmental indicators have been
chosen to cover all relevant aspects of the heat production process
that may have an environmental impact. Carbon footprint analysis
permits to measure the effect on the climate, in terms of the
amount of CO2 emitted during heat production, while the emergy
evaluation accounts for all forms of energy and resources used in
the process. Furthermore, the two approaches may be considered
as complementing each other and a unification of the two indicators
is envisaged. The results of the comparative study depend
mainly on the following parameters
A simplified heat production process includes heat production,
fuel transportation, labor and services. To investigate properly the
environmental impact and eco-efficiency of heat production, it is
essential to specify the heat consumption, the performance of the
heating system, the properties of the fuel, the modes of transport
used for fuel supply (for example, coal can be transported by rail,
wood by trucks and natural gas by pipelines, it is also possible to
combine different modes of transport) and the labor and services
required during the process.
The first law efficiency of the heating system has a significant
impact on fuel use, since high efficiency reduces fuel consumption
required to meet heating demand. A special care should be taken in
choosing the type and quality of fuel, since the fuel consumption
and the associated environmental impacts depend on the properties
of the fuel. More especially renewable and fossil fuels must be
clearly distinguished. It is also crucial to identify the means of
transport, the sources of energy and the distance crossed to deliver
the fuel. Finally, the environmental impairments of all labor and
services needed during the process have to be taken into account.
A carbon footprint analysis and an emergy evaluation have been
used to realize the eco-environmental quality assessment of two
heating systems. These two environmental indicators have been
chosen to cover all relevant aspects of the heat production process
that may have an environmental impact. Carbon footprint analysis
permits to measure the effect on the climate, in terms of the
amount of CO2 emitted during heat production, while the emergy
evaluation accounts for all forms of energy and resources used in
the process. Furthermore, the two approaches may be considered
as complementing each other and a unification of the two indicators
is envisaged. The results of the comparative study depend
mainly on the following parameters
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