Pathogenesis
The natural defence mechanism of the urinary tract includes
the length of the urethra and urine flow, which flushes
microorganisms from the bladder. ISC interferes with
this mechanism. The most common organisms that cause
UTIs include Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas,
Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Candida, which enter via the
external catheter surface (Elvy and Colville, 2009).