Dana which means giving in a beneficial way, that is, providing things such as the basic necessities, or amisa-dana; giving knowledge and useful advice, or dhamma-dana; and forgiving those who deserve forgiveness, or apaya-dhamma. Generally, human beings have a tendency to acquire rather than to give. Growing propensity to take will develop into greed. And greed makes people keep struggling for what they want which finally could lead to malpractice, such as theft, robbery, or corruption. However, greed can be lessened or even eliminated by the practice of giving, particularly unconditioned giving. If politicians and bureaucrats in every country stand by this dhamma, corruption will be reduced or eventually eliminated.
Sila which means maintaining good conduct so as not to breach religious morals, laws and all ethical norms. This dasarajadhamma encompasses respect for religious principles, morals, rule of law and ethics as restraint for the King not to break any norms. His Majestys practices based of this principle are evident in His remark: I have never ordered anything that contravenes the provisions of the Constitution or law ‚I have never acted upon the ground of liking or disliking. If I ever did that, the country would have collapsed a long time ago, and that I beseech you to do and think of ways that will not contravene the Constitution‚ (Royal remarks to the Judges of the Supreme Administrative Court and the Supreme Court on 25 April 2006)
Pariccaga which means making selfless sacrifice for the greater good. In other words, it means sacrificing everything-money, physical strength, mind, personal comfort, time or even life for a greater good, as Vessandon Bodhisattva did in the Buddha last reincarnation before his enlightenment. Pariccage is therefore more profound than dana because it is aimed at the greater good of the majority, if not everybody. Sacrifice is one of the most important qualities of a leader.
Ajjava which means loyalty, truthfulness and honesty as the Venerable Somdech Phra Vachirayanavongse explained: to have qualities of being truthful, free from deceit, honest to royal allies and kin as well as to all subjects without thinking of deceiving or hurting them unjustifiably.
Maddava which means being gentle and open-minded to reasonable advice and not being arrogant. This dhamma is important because since the Kings authority is reverently feared by all, His gentleness will eliminate the fear. If the King behaves gently, he will win his peoples respect and his governance will be built on loving consent, not hateful fear.
Tapa which means diligence in consistently performing the royal duties, leading a simple life, and restraining His mind from indulgence of sensual pleasure.
Akkodha which means not showing anger, not dwelling in hatred or vindictiveness against others, or in other words, being compassionate. Anger is a cause of misjudgment. If a King is not in anger, He can make judgments in a fair and unbiased manner
Avihimsa which means not afflicting harm on others including animals and all living things, adhering to peace and tranquility for all, and not indulging Himself in His power.
Khanti which means being patient and persevering against all emotions, be they greed, anger, ignorance or may kind of suffering, and against abrasive words against Him, and maintaining calmness in His mind, composure, body and words.
Avirodhana which means being steadfast in righteousness, not allowing any misdeeds, being just, rectifying those who do wrong and rewarding those who do right with justice. This principle is very important because it is more profound than honesty. Avirodhana also encompasses spreading honesty to all others concerned.