The systematic data regarding phytoremediation of TDScontaminated
wastewater are scarce. In this experiment, the phytoremediation
configuration with attached growth showed higher
and more stable treatment performance (i.e., 77.5 ± 0.8% COD and
67 ± 1% Cu reduction) as compared to other studies (Table 6). It can
be verified that wetland type, plant species and large biofilms can
be major factors for process sustainability. The conventional
wetland system can account for the resulting in poor removal of
pollutants, and a longer HRT is needed for a more effective
wastewater treatment as compared to the advanced phytoremediation
process. However, both systems require disinfection
before being discharged into the receiving water bodies.