Measures
Sitting time
To assess sitting time, we used the Marshall Sitting Questionnaire [36]. Five items were used to assess time spent in specific sitting pursuits (hours and minutes) each day in the following domains: (a) while travelling to and from places (e.g., work, shops); (b) while at work; (c) while watching television; (d) while using a com- puter at home; and (e) at leisure not including watch- ing television or using the computer (e.g., visiting friends, movies, eating out) on weekdays and weekend days. The reliability of the instrument has been demonstrated to be moderate across the work, television and computer do- mains for weekdays (r = 0.78 to 0.84). However, the re- liability was weaker for weekend days, except for television (r = 0.57) and computer use (r = 0.74). Validity assessed against log data and sedentary accelerometer data was highest for weekday sitting time at work (r = 0.69) and using a computer at home (r = 0.74) [36]. The Marshall Sitting Questionnaire was translated from English to German. The overall sitting data were considered valid if participants did not report more than 960 minutes of sitting per day (16 hours). As the dependent variable, we focused on sitting time during work on weekdays. All sitting time measures other than work-related on weekdays we considered independent variables.