Each test is based on the cluster analysis for a specific set of variables. All of the tests utilized a common set of four accounting measures. The first three are the decomposition of return on equity averaged over 20 quarters; asset turnover (net sales divided by total assets), net profit margin (net income divided by net sales), and leverage (total shareholders equity divided by total assets). Our leverage ratio is the inverse of the leverage multiplier (assets divided by equity) used in the traditional DuPont formula. The reason is that some firms will report a negative value for shareholders equity, and that causes a discontinuity in the leverage multiplier that is not present in the inverse formula. The fourth variable common to all of the tests is cash flow from operating activities (quarterly average) from the statement of cash flows. The fifth variable in every test is a coefficient of variation (CV); in half the tests the CVof net profit margin is used, and in the others the CVof cash flow from operating activities is used instead.