Many prominent theorists have argued that accurate perceptions of the self, the world, and the future
are essential for mental health. Yet considerable research evidence suggests that overly positive selfevaluations,
exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism are characteristic
of normal human thought. Moreover, these illusions appear to promote other criteria of mental
health, including the ability to care about others, the ability to be happy or contented, and the ability
to engage in productive and creative work. These strategies may succeed, in large part, because both
the social world and cognitive-processing mechanisms impose niters on incoming information that
distort it in a positive direction; negative information may be isolated and represented in as unthreatening
a manner as possible. These positive illusions may be especially useful when an individual
receives negative feedback or is otherwise threatened and may be especially adaptive under these
circumstances.
Many prominent theorists have argued that accurate perceptions of the self, the world, and the future
are essential for mental health. Yet considerable research evidence suggests that overly positive selfevaluations,
exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism are characteristic
of normal human thought. Moreover, these illusions appear to promote other criteria of mental
health, including the ability to care about others, the ability to be happy or contented, and the ability
to engage in productive and creative work. These strategies may succeed, in large part, because both
the social world and cognitive-processing mechanisms impose niters on incoming information that
distort it in a positive direction; negative information may be isolated and represented in as unthreatening
a manner as possible. These positive illusions may be especially useful when an individual
receives negative feedback or is otherwise threatened and may be especially adaptive under these
circumstances.
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