Two studies showed significant improvements in heart rate
variability30,32 with 6 months exercise training, although a shorter
3 month study reported no change.38 The former studies suggest
long-term (6 months) exercise training has a favourable sympathoadrenal
effect in CKD patients. Cardiovascular disease is a common
cause of death in CKD patients3,39 therefore exercise-induced
improvements in sympatho-adrenal function may reduce cardiovascular
mortality risk.