We used a two-wave panel design in this study. Participants
were asked to report demographic data and
two independent variables (administrative stressors and
role stress) in Time 1. We received 306 useable surveys
(representing a 46% response rate) in Time 1 (T1) in
July 2009. In Time 2 (T2, 6-month interval) the same
group of respondents received a second survey where
they provided data on their nursing stress, effectiveness
of their coping strategies and job satisfaction. The final
panel group (that is, those respondents who participated
at both times) consisted of 119 nurses.