GIS is a “computer system capable of capturing, storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced information; that is, data identified according to location” (U.S. Geological Survey, 2007). Originally developed for the purpose of land-use mapping in Canada, GIS has come to be used for a wider range of applications including the study of human behaviors that can be measured by or are influenced by distance. In addition to using spatial data describing boundaries, locations, and other geographic dimensions, GIS has the capacity to incorporate a variety of data types such as census data, crime data, health care data, social services data, and other cultural and demographic data. These data are depicted as points, lines, or polygons on a map. The output of the spatial analysis can be converted to maps that depict the phenomenon being studied in a visual manner. In order to conduct spatial analysis, data must be available in a geocoded format or must be converted to X, Y spatial references using a recognized geographic coordinate system.