We believe the reason for this is that the probability of meeting a tourist and local node is higher when both of them are moving in the network. On the contrary, the delivery ratio of ED router decreases when everyone in the network
is forwarding messages (Figure 2), because a large amount of messages stored by all nodes is dropped, as buffer constraint is a pivotal factor of this routing performance. We find that exploring local users’ mobility patterns, D2D2C infrastructure gives a better message delivery performance (µ = 31.69, σ = 5.05) than storing data into hubs (µ = 14.29, σ = 2.23). But as expected, in the baseline EF, the message delivery performance is higher (µ = 61.26, σ = 6.22); a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows significant differences in the overall rate of the message delivery ratio [F (2,891) = 0.00, p < 0.05].