In short, all of the features of political activities, including public policies and institutions, are intrinsically resistant to change. Furthermore, the policies set up in the past and the history of such policy-making tend to affect subsequent decision making processes and policy outcomes significantly, even after the original conditions that gave rise to the need for those particular policies or institutions have changed. If decision maker cannot escape the existing and policy framework or legacy the autonomy of decision makers is considerably constrained. The choices and preferences of decision maker as well as multiple societal powers are significantly limited and constrained by the institutionalized norms of such decision making processes. According to this logic, institutional or policy frameworks constructed in the past influence the institutional and policy choice of the decision maker of today, and will continue to do so into the future. In this respect, the policies implemented in the past can be regarded as a shackle, setting limits to the range of choice for the present and future decision maker.