angle and the trial angle for each subject. Constant
error examined the direction of imprecision,
measuring the number of positive or negative
degrees the actively reproduced ankle position was
from the target position. Whereas absolute error took
only the number of degrees the actively reproduced
ankle position was from the target position. In
examining possible gender differences, changes in
absolute error and constant error between un-taped
conditions and taped conditions were examined for
both plantar flexion and 20° of plantar flexion with
inversion.
This study used a pretest-posttest design. The
independent variable was the KinesioTM taping
procedure, and the dependent variable was
reproduction of joint position sense. Results were
evaluated for statistical significance (p < 0.05) using
a paired, two-tail t-test computed for both constant
and absolute error values among subjects and
independent t-tests to evaluate across genders.
RESULTS
Upon completion of data analysis, no significant
differences of absolute error between the no-tape
condition (M=2.19° ± 1.20°) and the taped condition
(M=2.07° ± 0.98°) were found in plantar flexion, nor
were any significant differences seen between the
no-taped condition (M=1.87° ± 0.89°) and the taped
condition (M=1.95° ± 0.90°) in the combined
motion of inversion with 20° of plantar flexion
(Figure 4). These results contest our first hypotheses,
which stated KinesioTM taping would decrease
(improve) the absolute error on RJPS when
compared to the untaped ankle.
Absolute Error Differences Between PF
& PF/Inversion
0
1
2
3
4
AE (Degrees)
Untaped
Kinesio taped
Plantarflexion PF/Inversion
Figure 4. Group absolute error (AE) differences
between pre and post tape conditions.
No significant difference in constant error was
shown in plantar flexion between the no-tape
condition (M = -0.28°±2.01°) and the taped
condition (M = 0.08°±1.77°). Furthermore, there
was no evidence of significant change in the