For instance, in the wake of the Mayfield case, some latent print
examiners have declared that they “do not agree with the identification.”364
But whether a latent print examiner agrees with an identification that is
posted on the Internet as a misattribution is of little interest to us. As my
epigraph suggests, we want to know whether latent print examiners can
distinguish the fake insurance salesmen from the real ones before they
know they’re phony, not after.
b. Normal Accidents Theory
Another way of looking at this problem is drawn from “normal
accidents theory” (NAT).365 Professor Perrow suggests that many
catastrophic failures of technical systems are caused, not by deviation from
proper procedure, but from the normal functioning of highly complex and
“tightly coupled”366 systems (hence the term “normal accidents”).
Fingerprint analysis is not highly complex, but it is tightly coupled.367
Similarly, Professor Vaughan suggests that error and misjudgment can be
part of normal behavior, not necessarily caused by deviance.368 NAT would
suggest that fingerprint errors are not pathological deviations from normal
procedure, but simply consequences of normal activity.
For instance, in the wake of the Mayfield case, some latent printexaminers have declared that they “do not agree with the identification.”364But whether a latent print examiner agrees with an identification that isposted on the Internet as a misattribution is of little interest to us. As myepigraph suggests, we want to know whether latent print examiners candistinguish the fake insurance salesmen from the real ones before theyknow they’re phony, not after.b. Normal Accidents TheoryAnother way of looking at this problem is drawn from “normalaccidents theory” (NAT).365 Professor Perrow suggests that manycatastrophic failures of technical systems are caused, not by deviation fromproper procedure, but from the normal functioning of highly complex and“tightly coupled”366 systems (hence the term “normal accidents”).Fingerprint analysis is not highly complex, but it is tightly coupled.367Similarly, Professor Vaughan suggests that error and misjudgment can bepart of normal behavior, not necessarily caused by deviance.368 NAT wouldsuggest that fingerprint errors are not pathological deviations from normalprocedure, but simply consequences of normal activity.
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