SS0T_Unconstrained and SS3T_Unconstrained in Fig. 4 demonstrates
the GHG emissions under the assumed unconstrained
condition of molasses and bagasse in which no GHG emission is
accounted for acquisition of molasses and bagasse. Biogenic
methane and nitrous oxide emissions from bagasse combustion for
heat production at the ethanol production stage (0.05 and 0.06 kg
CO2/litre of ethanol for SS0T_Unconstrained and SS3T_Unconstrained,
respectively) are included and do not significantly affect
the result. In case of the unconstrained by-products, the GHG
emission reduction potentials from the gasoline baseline are very
high (up to 85% of the gasoline GHG emission baseline). Under
these conditions, the bioethanol policy can be implemented as an
effective tool for GHG mitigation in Thailand.