There was truth to these critiques and Asia-centric discourses have indeed served to justify domestic oppression, ethnic inequalities, and other self-serving purposes." Yet a complete dismissal may be too hasy as there are important ethical dimensions to such scholarships. Rather than a wholesale dismissal of Asia-centric viewpoints, there is a need to understand and appreciate the local contexts from which they emanated at that point in time bette -especially those of colonialism, decolonization, and the struggle to form new nation states.
Within these debates, the avant-garde views of John Smail (1961, 1993), a historian from the University of Wisconsin (Madison), provided a watershed in efforts transcend the dichotomy between Asia-centric Eurocentric views during the 1960s. As pointed out by Sears (1993, p. 9), Smail was a radical thinker for his time. He was critical of the newer racist ideals of primitive mentalities and post war modernization in Euro-America, as well as the nationalist styles of scholarship amongst indigenous scholars in Southeast Asia. As a way of transcending nationalist and colonialist impulses on both sides of these debates, smail proposed the idea of an "autonomous history "Autonomous history, according to smail, is one which is embedded in an objective, scientific, and universal rationality that looks beyond colonial and nationalist relations focus on social structure and change among ordinary to and people rather than domestic elites. Smail was confident that all historians and social scientists would eventually take up a single world culture or thought world " (Smail 1993. p.42)
There was truth to these critiques and Asia-centric discourses have indeed served to justify domestic oppression, ethnic inequalities, and other self-serving purposes." Yet a complete dismissal may be too hasy as there are important ethical dimensions to such scholarships. Rather than a wholesale dismissal of Asia-centric viewpoints, there is a need to understand and appreciate the local contexts from which they emanated at that point in time bette -especially those of colonialism, decolonization, and the struggle to form new nation states.
Within these debates, the avant-garde views of John Smail (1961, 1993), a historian from the University of Wisconsin (Madison), provided a watershed in efforts transcend the dichotomy between Asia-centric Eurocentric views during the 1960s. As pointed out by Sears (1993, p. 9), Smail was a radical thinker for his time. He was critical of the newer racist ideals of primitive mentalities and post war modernization in Euro-America, as well as the nationalist styles of scholarship amongst indigenous scholars in Southeast Asia. As a way of transcending nationalist and colonialist impulses on both sides of these debates, smail proposed the idea of an "autonomous history "Autonomous history, according to smail, is one which is embedded in an objective, scientific, and universal rationality that looks beyond colonial and nationalist relations focus on social structure and change among ordinary to and people rather than domestic elites. Smail was confident that all historians and social scientists would eventually take up a single world culture or thought world " (Smail 1993. p.42)
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