(a)–(h) Field photographs of Sundarban mangrove forests: (a) Avicennia alba preceded by Porteresia at the front of Ajmalmari Reserve Forest (at low tide condition);
(b) Ceriops–Avicennia assemblage near a creek, upstream of Goasaba river (at low tide condition); (c) Porteresia coarctata at Sudhanyakhali (during high tide condition);
(d) Avicennia marina with pneumatophores near Kultali Forest Beat Office (at high tide condition); (e) extensive dense mangrove patch comprising of Avicennia officinalis
and Excoecaria agallocha in Sajnekhali Reserve Forest; (f) thicket of Ceriops tagal at Sajnekhali Reserve Forest exhibiting viviparous germination; (g) thicket of Bruguiera
gymnorrhiza in flowering stage at Bonnie Camp area; and (h) Heritiera sp. in flowering condition at Hamilton island.