application resources in distributed
systems such as grids, clusters,
and clouds. Monitoring tools
such as R-GMA, Hawkeye, the
Network Weather Service (NWS),
and the Monitoring and Directory
Service (MDS) were popular
in the grid and the cluster computing
era. However, these tools
were only concerned with monitoring
performance metrics at
the hardware resource level (CPU
percentage, TCP/IP performance,
available non-paged memory, and
so on), and not at the application
level (event detection and decision-making
delay in the context
of particular IoT applications).