collection of toxicology specimens
Toxicology specimens such as blood and vitreous fluid are collected before the autopsy is performed. Blood is ideally obtained with clean needles from the peripherally located femoral veins, because this location provides relatively easy access to blood located outside of the body cavities, Peripherally located blood is preferred for toxicologic testing because it is relatively isolated from the internal organs in the chest and abdomen and hence is likely to provide a move accurate level of drugs,
Blood obtained from the heart or other central regions in the chest and abdomen may have falsely elevated drug levels due to postmortem drug diffusion down concentration gradients-a process referred to as postmortem redistribution or postmortem release.
There are a couple of mechanisms by which drug may diffuse down concentration gradients into other nearby organs such as the liver, heart, and lungs. Also, drug may release from their locations in organs and enter the adjacent blood vessels,
If femoral blood is not available, subclavian blood is or the aorta, pulmonary arteries, and heart. Aspirating blood from the heart or thoracic blood vessels may be difficult, particularly if the blood is clotted, In this instance, one may wish to dry pericardial sac with a clean towel and cut the cardiac attachments, allowing the clotted heart and pulmonary artery blood to pool in the pericardial sac
One can then use a syringe without a needle to aspirate the congealed aggregates of blood. If blood is not available from these sources, as is sometimes encountered in cases of severe trauma’ blood from chest or abdominal cavities may be used, realizing that it is also subject to postmortem redistribution or other factors that may contaminate it.
Routine toxicology specimens include four glass vacationer test tubes of blood totaling approximately 40 to 50 milliliters, with three of the tubes containing a preservative such as sodium fluoride, which is an antimicrobial that also inhibits enzymatic activity. In particular, sodium fluoride inhibits the activity of cholinesterase and is essential in retarding the degradation of cocaine and other substances such as 6-monoacetylmorphine. The preservative is often combined with an anticoagulant such as potassium oxalate, sodium citrate, or EDTA. The blood in the test tube without preservatives may be used for clinical analyses such as thyroid hormone studies or infectious disease testing (hepatitis, HIV, syphilis), or to provide samples for DNA testing in cases with paternity or other issues.
Gastric contents should be saved in cases of suspected drug ingestion, In such cases, to aid in possible calculation of the total amount of drug in the stomach, it is advantageous to record the total volume of gastric contents, particularly if only a representative volume is saved (ideally, after the contents have been well mixed or blended together). Liver or other solid organ samples may be collected in cases where the parent drug and the drug metabolite levels and possibly their ratios are important. The liver tissue ideally collected from deep
collection of toxicology specimens
Toxicology specimens such as blood and vitreous fluid are collected before the autopsy is performed. Blood is ideally obtained with clean needles from the peripherally located femoral veins, because this location provides relatively easy access to blood located outside of the body cavities, Peripherally located blood is preferred for toxicologic testing because it is relatively isolated from the internal organs in the chest and abdomen and hence is likely to provide a move accurate level of drugs,
Blood obtained from the heart or other central regions in the chest and abdomen may have falsely elevated drug levels due to postmortem drug diffusion down concentration gradients-a process referred to as postmortem redistribution or postmortem release.
There are a couple of mechanisms by which drug may diffuse down concentration gradients into other nearby organs such as the liver, heart, and lungs. Also, drug may release from their locations in organs and enter the adjacent blood vessels,
If femoral blood is not available, subclavian blood is or the aorta, pulmonary arteries, and heart. Aspirating blood from the heart or thoracic blood vessels may be difficult, particularly if the blood is clotted, In this instance, one may wish to dry pericardial sac with a clean towel and cut the cardiac attachments, allowing the clotted heart and pulmonary artery blood to pool in the pericardial sac
One can then use a syringe without a needle to aspirate the congealed aggregates of blood. If blood is not available from these sources, as is sometimes encountered in cases of severe trauma’ blood from chest or abdominal cavities may be used, realizing that it is also subject to postmortem redistribution or other factors that may contaminate it.
Routine toxicology specimens include four glass vacationer test tubes of blood totaling approximately 40 to 50 milliliters, with three of the tubes containing a preservative such as sodium fluoride, which is an antimicrobial that also inhibits enzymatic activity. In particular, sodium fluoride inhibits the activity of cholinesterase and is essential in retarding the degradation of cocaine and other substances such as 6-monoacetylmorphine. The preservative is often combined with an anticoagulant such as potassium oxalate, sodium citrate, or EDTA. The blood in the test tube without preservatives may be used for clinical analyses such as thyroid hormone studies or infectious disease testing (hepatitis, HIV, syphilis), or to provide samples for DNA testing in cases with paternity or other issues.
Gastric contents should be saved in cases of suspected drug ingestion, In such cases, to aid in possible calculation of the total amount of drug in the stomach, it is advantageous to record the total volume of gastric contents, particularly if only a representative volume is saved (ideally, after the contents have been well mixed or blended together). Liver or other solid organ samples may be collected in cases where the parent drug and the drug metabolite levels and possibly their ratios are important. The liver tissue ideally collected from deep
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collection of toxicology specimens
Toxicology specimens such as blood and vitreous fluid are collected before the autopsy is performed. Blood is ideally obtained with clean needles from the peripherally located femoral veins, because this location provides relatively easy access to blood located outside of the body cavities, Peripherally located blood is preferred for toxicologic testing because it is relatively isolated from the internal organs in the chest and abdomen and hence is likely to provide a move accurate level of drugs,
Blood obtained from the heart or other central regions in the chest and abdomen may have falsely elevated drug levels due to postmortem drug diffusion down concentration gradients-a process referred to as postmortem redistribution or postmortem release.
There are a couple of mechanisms by which drug may diffuse down concentration gradients into other nearby organs such as the liver, heart,และปอด นอกจากนี้ ยาอาจจะปล่อยจากสถานที่ของพวกเขาในอวัยวะและเข้าสู่เส้นเลือดติดกัน
ถ้าเลือดสดๆ ไม่มีเลือดซับคลาเวียนหรือหลอดเลือดแดงใหญ่ หลอดเลือดแดงที่ปอดและหัวใจ สำลักเลือดหัวใจหรือหลอดเลือดทรวงอกอาจเป็นเรื่องยาก โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง ถ้าเป็นเลือดคั่ง ในตัวอย่างนี้หนึ่งอาจต้องการบริการ pericardial sac ด้วยผ้าขนหนูที่สะอาดและตัดสิ่งที่แนบหัวใจ ช่วยให้หัวใจและปอดเส้นเลือดคั่งเลือดสระใน
ถุง pericardial หนึ่งสามารถใช้เข็ม โดยเข็มที่ congealed มวลรวมสำลักเลือด ถ้าเลือดไม่สามารถใช้ได้จากแหล่งข้อมูลเหล่านี้ as is sometimes encountered in cases of severe trauma’ blood from chest or abdominal cavities may be used, realizing that it is also subject to postmortem redistribution or other factors that may contaminate it.
Routine toxicology specimens include four glass vacationer test tubes of blood totaling approximately 40 to 50 milliliters, with three of the tubes containing a preservative such as sodium fluoride, which is an antimicrobial that also inhibits enzymatic activity. In particular, sodium fluoride inhibits the activity of cholinesterase and is essential in retarding the degradation of cocaine and other substances such as 6-monoacetylmorphine. The preservative is often combined with an anticoagulant such as potassium oxalate, sodium citrate, or EDTA. The blood in the test tube without preservatives may be used for clinical analyses such as thyroid hormone studies or infectious disease testing (hepatitis, HIV, syphilis), or to provide samples for DNA testing in cases with paternity or other issues.
Gastric contents should be saved in cases of suspected drug ingestion, In such cases, to aid in possible calculation of the total amount of drug in the stomach, it is advantageous to record the total volume of gastric contents, particularly if only a representative volume is saved (ideally, after the contents have been well mixed or blended together).ตับหรืออวัยวะอื่น ๆอาจจะเก็บรวบรวมตัวอย่างของแข็งในกรณีที่พ่อแม่ ยาเสพติด และระดับยาของไลท์ และอาจจะต่อเป็นสำคัญ เนื้อเยื่อตับซึ่งรวบรวมจากลึก
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