he procedures in Saadawi et al. [25,40]
Total metal analysis was performed in triplicate. The experiment
was performed the same way three separate times to increase the number
of data points (to N = 45 for each brand for a total of 90 measurements)
and decrease the distribution, since the samples were not
homogenized. The flavorings showed no statistical differences between
one another, so the data for the five flavors in the Mya and Shiazo
brands were combined and represented as ng head−1
. This unconventional
unit allows for the data to be expressed in a way that is understandable
and realistic to the experiment. Reporting in ng g−1 is
possible, however, being able to visualize the amount of metals that a
smoker could be exposed to in each smoking session (the amount that
fits in a hookah head) may be more easily understood and the data
are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 2a–b