In some Countries, new institutions of higher education were established to prepare teachers‘(such as the padogogiscbe Hocbscbulen in Germany in the 1920s) in which the emphasis was on practical preparation in how to teach. Research did not flourish in such institutions. But elsewhere (as in the United States, and later Germany, England, and japan), some of the special schools for training teachers, whether ‘elementary or secondary, were absorbed or enlarged "into universities. An early example that became widely emulated around the world was the New York College for the Training of Teachers, established in 1887, which in I890 was affiliared with Columbia university as its Teachers College. Reviewing the 1904-1905 catalog for Teachers College,