Both ISSR and SRAP scoreswere recor

Both ISSR and SRAP scoreswere recorded as either present (1) or absent
(0); bands with the same molecular weight were considered to be
allelic, while weak or ambiguous bands were excluded from
the analysis. A binary data matrix was compiled for each primer set.
Most of the following analyses were carried out based on adjoined
matrix data.
Genetic diversity was described by three molecular diversity
indices: (1) the number (percentage) of polymorphic loci (P) at the
99% criterion; (2) the mean expected heterozygosity (H), for a
Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; and (3) the effective mean number
of alleles (Ae). The three parameters and Nei's standard genetic
distance (D) [9] were calculated by PopGen32 [10]. Phylogeny
trees, based on UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with
Arithmetic averages), were constructed using NTSYSpc 2.11f [11].
One thousand permutations were performed to evaluate the
robustness of the groupings by bootstrapping. Genetic structures,
genetic variation in three hierarchies (population, subpopulation
and individuals), were inferred from AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular
Variation) using Arlequin 3.1 [12]. The FST (Fixation index) was
calculated with the formula [Equation 1]:
FST ¼
σ2a
þ σ2b


σ2τ
½Equation 1
where σa
2 is the expected variance among populations, σb
2 the
expected variance among subpopulations and σ τ
2 the sum of the two
expected variances. The 1000 permutations were replicated for a 0.05
significance test. Gene flow (Nm) was calculated as [Equation 2] [13]:
Nm ¼ 1−FST ð Þ
4FST
: ½Equation 2
The correlation of ISSR and SRAP markers was assessed by
calculating the coefficient of genetic diversity indices P, H and Ae,
as well as by Nei's standard genetic distance matrix Mantel test
[14] using the NTSYS-pc program. The correlation between genetic
distances and geographical distance of populations was also evaluated
by Mantel tests. The significance of the correlation coefficients was
tested by 1000 permuted samples.

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

Both ISSR and SRAP scoreswere recorded as either present (1) or absent
(0); bands with the same molecular weight were considered to be
allelic, while weak or ambiguous bands were excluded from
the analysis. A binary data matrix was compiled for each primer set.
Most of the following analyses were carried out based on adjoined
matrix data.
ความหลากหลายทางพันธุกรรมถูกอธิบายโดยสามดัชนีความหลากหลาย
โมเลกุล : ( 1 ) จำนวน ( คน ) จำนวนโลไซ ( P )
99 % เกณฑ์ ( 2 ) ค่าเฉลี่ยคาดว่าเฉพาะที่ ( H ) สำหรับ
Hardy Weinberg และสมดุล และ ( 3 ) มีประสิทธิภาพหมายถึงหมายเลข
ของอัลลีล ( เอ ) สามพารามิเตอร์ และเนยเป็นมาตรฐานทางพันธุกรรม
ระยะทาง ( D ) [ 9 ] คำนวณด้วย popgen32 [ 10 ] ระบบเชื้อชาติ
ต้นไม้ขึ้นอยู่กับวิธี ( วิธีถ่วงน้ำหนักเฉลี่ยเลขคณิตกลุ่มคู่กับ
) , ถูกสร้างขึ้นโดยใช้ ntsyspc 2.11f [ 11 ] .
1 แสนชุลมุนได้ประเมินความแข็งแกร่งของกลุ่มโดย bootstrapping
. โครงสร้างทางพันธุกรรม ทางพันธุกรรมใน 3 ชนชั้น (

subpopulation ประชากร และบุคคล ) , ที่ได้จากการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลทางพันธุกรรม ( การวิเคราะห์การเปลี่ยนแปลงโมเลกุล
) ใช้ arlequin 31 [12]. The FST (Fixation index) was
calculated with the formula [Equation 1]:
FST ¼
σ2a
þ σ2b


σ2τ
½Equation 1
where σa
2 is the expected variance among populations, σb
2 the
expected variance among subpopulations and σ τ
2 the sum of the two
expected variances. The 1000 permutations were replicated for a 0.05
significance test. Gene flow (Nm) was calculated as [Equation 2] [13]:
Nm ¼ 1−FST ð Þ
4FST
: ½Equation 2
The correlation of ISSR and SRAP markers was assessed by
calculating the coefficient of genetic diversity indices P, H and Ae,
as well as by Nei's standard genetic distance matrix Mantel test
[14] using the NTSYS-pc program. The correlation between genetic
distances and geographical distance of populations was also evaluated
by Mantel tests. The significance of the correlation coefficients was
tested by 1000 permuted samples.