Finally, if setting up a higher level of public employees is an instrument for officials to conciliate the impact of trade-related dislocation, why do they
choose such as an inefficient tool (Robinson & Verdier, 2002)? Retraining or transfer
schemes would be far more cost-effective policy, whether the politicians’ goal is to insure
vulnerable workers or to buy votes (Gimpelson & Treisman, 2002).