In sum, there has been an increasing number of studies examining the role
of both pre- and post-performance nonverbal behaviors in sport contexts demonstrating
the important role that such facets of behavior have on performance. In
one study that is of particular importance to the present article, Greenlees et al.
(2008) examined the impact of two different pre-performance factors—point of
gaze and clothing color—on the impressions formed by goalkeepers of out!eld
players during the penalty kick situation in soccer.