Encapsulation is a process to entrap active agents within a carrier material and it is a useful tool to improve delivery
of bioactive molecules and living cells into foods. Materials used for design of protective shell of encapsulates must
be food-grade, biodegradable and able to form a barrier between the internal phase and its surroundings. Among all
materials, the most widely used for encapsulation in food applications are polysaccharides. Proteins and lipids are
also appropriate for encapsulation. Spray drying is the most extensively applied encapsulation technique in the food
industry because it is flexible, continuous, but more important an economical operation. Most of encapsulates are
spray-dried ones, rest of them are prepared by spray-chilling, freeze-drying, melt extrusion and melt injection.
Molecular inclusion in cyclodextrins and liposomal vesicles are more expensive technologies, and therefore, less
exploited. There are number of reasons why to employ an encapsulation technology and this paper reviews some of
them. For example, this technology may provide barriers between sensitive bioactive materials and the environment,
and thus, to allow taste and aroma differentiation, mask bad tasting or smelling, stabilize food ingredients or increase
their bioavailability. One of the most important reasons for encapsulation of active ingredients is to provide improved
stability in final products and during processing. Another benefit of encapsulation is less evaporation and degradation
of volatile actives, such as aroma. Furthermore, encapsulation is used to mask unpleasant feelings during eating, such
as bitter taste and astringency of polyphenols. Also, another goal of employing encapsulation is to prevent reaction
with other components in food products such as oxygen or water. In addition to the above, encapsulation may be used
to immobilize cells or enzymes in food processing applications, such as fermentation process and metabolite
production processes. There is an increasing demand to find suitable solutions that provide high productivity and, at
the same time, satisfy an adequate quality of the final food products. This paper aims to provide a short overview of
commonly used processes to encapsulate food actives
Encapsulation is a process to entrap active agents within a carrier material and it is a useful tool to improve deliveryof bioactive molecules and living cells into foods. Materials used for design of protective shell of encapsulates mustbe food-grade, biodegradable and able to form a barrier between the internal phase and its surroundings. Among allmaterials, the most widely used for encapsulation in food applications are polysaccharides. Proteins and lipids arealso appropriate for encapsulation. Spray drying is the most extensively applied encapsulation technique in the foodindustry because it is flexible, continuous, but more important an economical operation. Most of encapsulates arespray-dried ones, rest of them are prepared by spray-chilling, freeze-drying, melt extrusion and melt injection.Molecular inclusion in cyclodextrins and liposomal vesicles are more expensive technologies, and therefore, lessexploited. There are number of reasons why to employ an encapsulation technology and this paper reviews some ofthem. For example, this technology may provide barriers between sensitive bioactive materials and the environment,and thus, to allow taste and aroma differentiation, mask bad tasting or smelling, stabilize food ingredients or increasetheir bioavailability. One of the most important reasons for encapsulation of active ingredients is to provide improvedstability in final products and during processing. Another benefit of encapsulation is less evaporation and degradationof volatile actives, such as aroma. Furthermore, encapsulation is used to mask unpleasant feelings during eating, suchas bitter taste and astringency of polyphenols. Also, another goal of employing encapsulation is to prevent reactionwith other components in food products such as oxygen or water. In addition to the above, encapsulation may be usedto immobilize cells or enzymes in food processing applications, such as fermentation process and metaboliteproduction processes. There is an increasing demand to find suitable solutions that provide high productivity and, atthe same time, satisfy an adequate quality of the final food products. This paper aims to provide a short overview ofcommonly used processes to encapsulate food actives
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