One of the most influential approaches that try to explain the phenomenon of work motivation is an analysis of people’s needs. One of the very clearest analyses of people’s motivation is contained within the principles of scientific management. Taylor (1911) argued for the importance of selecting only the best workers, ensuring that they are treated and work as individuals and paying them only for what they produce underlying the significance of just transactional and economic relations between employers and employees. However, there is no straightforward relationship between pay and effort, and Maslow (1943) and McGregor (1960) argued that work motivation has also psychological roots than were never taken into consideration in Taylor’s philosophy. Maslow (1943) argued that humans have a hierarchy of needs that range from the low-level and basic (such as a need to eat and sleep) to the high-level and complex (for example, a need for self-fulfilment). Moreover, McGregor (1960) suggested that conventional Taylorist practice was underpinned by a profoundly pessimistic theory of motivation (‘Theory X’), underpinned by the assumption of bored employees who dislike work and need coercion to be productive. While acknowledging that the assumptions of Theory X may hold true under a limited set of conditions, he argued that work motivation was much more commonly underpinned by employees’ self- generated drive to better themselves and fulfill their own potential (Theory Y). McGregor (1960) argued that traditional organizational practice approach place too much emphasis on the role of lower-order needs as motivators of workers’ beliefs. In contemporary Western society, the physiological and safety needs of most workers are satisfied and this means that their behavior is more commonly motivated by higher-order needs. Moreover, Alderfer (1972) distinguished between a person’s needs for existence, relatedness and growth, and McClelland (1987) argued that motivation to work reflects a higher-order need for achievement which was different from the other lower-order needs, the need for affiliation and the need for power.