impetus for the present research was the reporting of students’ reactions to classroom discipline in Australia (Lewis, 2006). In an attempt to examine the extent to which the relationships reported for Australian students applied to students from varying cultural settings, replication studies were carried out in China and Israel. China and Israel were selected because, whereas Australia is a typically western country, China is a typically eastern country, and Israel is somewhere in between. These differences provided the opportu- nity to examine students’ reactions to various discipline strategies in systematically varying na- tional settings. The researchers from China and Israel were senior, very experienced faculty mem- bers who had been involved in teacher training for many years. Given their interest in replicating the Australian study, the assumption was made that classroom discipline and students’ reactions were issues of relevance to schools in their respective environments, as was the particular research design of the initial study (Lewis, 2001).