When possible, quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of
measurement error or uncertainty (such as CIs, effect size and CIs for effect size). Avoid
sole reliance on statistical hypothesis testing, such as the use ofpvalues, which fail to
convey important quantitative information. Reporting p values without CIs and
measures of effect size do not provide sufficient information regarding the results or
aid future researchers by providing information for meta analysis investigations. Any
result can be statistically significant if the sample size is large regardless of the
magnitude of the findings. As such, reporting exactpvalues will not provide any
information regarding the lower or upper bound limits of the obtained results nor
practical significance. One must also report and interpret the effect size as the effect
size is not influenced by sample size. Reporting effect size in conjunction with CIs will
allow one to place the results in proper context and improve research in our discipline
that will move the field forward.