insecticidal market [2]. The most widely used
bacterial pathogens include subspecies or strains of
Bacillus thuringiensis. Each one of the strains
produces different mix of toxins and specifically kills
one or a few related species of insects (Bt subspecies
kurstaki and aizawai for lepidopteran larvae) and (Bt
subspecies tenebrionis for coleopteran larvae). Some
of these strains are specific to mosquitoes (Bt
subspecies israelensis). Among the insect viruses
baculoviruses (Nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV and
Granulosis virus, GV) are the most promising for
insect control particularly of Lepidoptera and
Diptera because of their specificity. NPVs have
been successful ly used for management of
devastating pests like Heliothis spp. and Spodoptera
spp. on cotton, fruit and vegetable crops in several
countries [3]. Entomopathogenic fungi likeBeauveria
spp., Metarhiziumspp., Lecanicillium spp. and Isaria
spp. have been developed as successful
mycoinsecticides for various groups of insect pests
[4]. Several hundreds of commercial products of
fungi, bacteria and viruses are available worldwide
for the biological control of insect pests in agriculture
and forestry.
insecticidal market [2]. The most widely usedbacterial pathogens include subspecies or strains ofBacillus thuringiensis. Each one of the strainsproduces different mix of toxins and specifically killsone or a few related species of insects (Bt subspecieskurstaki and aizawai for lepidopteran larvae) and (Btsubspecies tenebrionis for coleopteran larvae). Someof these strains are specific to mosquitoes (Btsubspecies israelensis). Among the insect virusesbaculoviruses (Nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV andGranulosis virus, GV) are the most promising forinsect control particularly of Lepidoptera andDiptera because of their specificity. NPVs havebeen successful ly used for management ofdevastating pests like Heliothis spp. and Spodopteraspp. on cotton, fruit and vegetable crops in severalcountries [3]. Entomopathogenic fungi likeBeauveriaspp., Metarhiziumspp., Lecanicillium spp. and Isariaspp. have been developed as successfulmycoinsecticides for various groups of insect pests[4]. Several hundreds of commercial products offungi, bacteria and viruses are available worldwidefor the biological control of insect pests in agricultureand forestry.
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