III. METHOD
The construct validity of the measurement items was
studied by many researchers. Kerlinger (1978) presented two
methods of construct validation: 1) correlations between total
scores and item scores, and 2) factor analysis [17]. Doll &
Torkzadeh (1988) [18] and Etezadi-Amoli & Farhoodmand
(1996) [19] used factor analysis to verify the validity of the
measurement tool construct. Torkzadeh & Doll (1999) [20]
and Torkzadeh & Lee (2003) [1] used correlation analysis to
verify the validity of the measurement tool construct. This
study is likely to verify the validity of the measurement
instrument construct and the extraction of adequate items by
a factor analysis and reliability analysis. The ratio of sample
size to number of measurement items (11:1) was above the
minimum (10:1) ratio suggested for factor analysis by
Kerlinger. The measurement questionnaire used a five-point
Likert-type scale; where, 1: not at all; 2: a little; 3: moderate;
4: good; 5: very good. The survey was gathered data from a
variety of industries, and business departments and positions.