The present study aims to develop a probabilistic shop-to-consumer exposure model, including prevalence data of
Salmonella, milk chain information, collected consumption and consumer behavior information in order to gain
insight in the risk on illness per day and per year of the Rwandan population in Musanze town, consuming
informally marketed milk and formally marketed Gouda cheese. The formal market involves farms, collection
centers, processing companies and supermarkets monitored and controlled by the competent authorities, whereas the
informal one concerns farms, mobile traders and milk shops without official control. The outcomes of the model
provide useful information and serves as a case study for future mitigation strategies to decrease the burden of
salmonellosis in the Rwandan dairy chain.