Preparation and Calibration of IAPSO Seawater Standard
The proceedure followed by OSIL when preparing and calibrating IAPSO Standard Seawater is as follows.
PREPARATION
Surface seawater is collected from the North Atlantic and then pumped through filters (0.2mm) into a PVC lined tank and thoroughly mixed. Once purified by filtration and UV irradiation, distilled water is added to adjust the salinity, and the water is sealed in pre-washed glass bottles (capacity ca.200cm3).
CALIBRATION
The electrical conductivity ratio of each batch is compared to that of a defined standard potassium chloride (KCl) solution using a modified high precision salinometer.
In accordance with the recommendations of the UNESCO, ICES, SCOR, and IAPSO Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards (UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 36, 1981) the Standard Seawater label displays a conductivity ratio (K15) value where:
K15 = (Conductivity of Std. Seawater at 15oC and 1atm.) /(Conductivity of KCl soln. (32.4356g/kg) at 15oC and 1 atm.)
Each Standard Seawater batch is directly traceable to the standard defined KCl solution.
CALCULATION
Conductivity ratios should be converted to Practical Salinities using the current International Oceanographic Tables, Volume 3, and the equations contained therein (UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No.39).
P-Series
Normal Standard Seawater (S = 35), accurately calibrated in conductivity ratio (K15) and in salinity. This is the main single-point standard for salinity measurements.
The standards, which have a precisely known electrical conductivity ratio, are used for the calibration of salinity measurement devices. For over 100 years, the comparability of salinity data worldwide has depended on the widespread use of this standard for calibrating laboratory and in-situ instruments.
IAPSO Standard Seawater is available in high quality, crimp sealed glass bottles, each containing ca.200 ml of natural seawater. Each bottle's label carries information on its conductivity ratio (K15) and salinity according to the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 (PSS78).
The bottle is made from pharmaceutical-grade glass, which minimises any interactions with the seawater and thereby increases the shelf-life of the product.
The bottle’s narrow-neck is sealed with a halobutyl, polymer-coated bung, providing a totally impervious barrier to evaporation. A secure, tamper-evident seal is made with a colour-coded alloy crimp-cap.
Preparation and Calibration of IAPSO Seawater Standard
The proceedure followed by OSIL when preparing and calibrating IAPSO Standard Seawater is as follows.
PREPARATION
Surface seawater is collected from the North Atlantic and then pumped through filters (0.2mm) into a PVC lined tank and thoroughly mixed. Once purified by filtration and UV irradiation, distilled water is added to adjust the salinity, and the water is sealed in pre-washed glass bottles (capacity ca.200cm3).
CALIBRATION
The electrical conductivity ratio of each batch is compared to that of a defined standard potassium chloride (KCl) solution using a modified high precision salinometer.
In accordance with the recommendations of the UNESCO, ICES, SCOR, and IAPSO Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards (UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No. 36, 1981) the Standard Seawater label displays a conductivity ratio (K15) value where:
K15 = (Conductivity of Std. Seawater at 15oC and 1atm.) /(Conductivity of KCl soln. (32.4356g/kg) at 15oC and 1 atm.)
Each Standard Seawater batch is directly traceable to the standard defined KCl solution.
CALCULATION
Conductivity ratios should be converted to Practical Salinities using the current International Oceanographic Tables, Volume 3, and the equations contained therein (UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science, No.39).
P-Series
Normal Standard Seawater (S = 35), accurately calibrated in conductivity ratio (K15) and in salinity. This is the main single-point standard for salinity measurements.
The standards, which have a precisely known electrical conductivity ratio, are used for the calibration of salinity measurement devices. For over 100 years, the comparability of salinity data worldwide has depended on the widespread use of this standard for calibrating laboratory and in-situ instruments.
IAPSO Standard Seawater is available in high quality, crimp sealed glass bottles, each containing ca.200 ml of natural seawater. Each bottle's label carries information on its conductivity ratio (K15) and salinity according to the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 (PSS78).
The bottle is made from pharmaceutical-grade glass, which minimises any interactions with the seawater and thereby increases the shelf-life of the product.
The bottle’s narrow-neck is sealed with a halobutyl, polymer-coated bung, providing a totally impervious barrier to evaporation. A secure, tamper-evident seal is made with a colour-coded alloy crimp-cap.
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