should be movable enough to enable equipment layout
changes when switching production over to different product
models. Figure 2.12 shows an example of how immovable
equipment can be made movable.
Standard operations—Operations that vary from person
to person create big problems. Instead, we need to standardize
operations and develop jidoka to make the operations
standard and simple enough for anyone to learn easily. We
begin by standardizing current operations and then proceed
to make improvements.
Flexible staff assignment system—Instead of the traditional
fixed staff assignment system, we should be using a
system that is flexible enough to accommodate staff assignment
changes in accordance with labor requirements set by
market demand.
Mutual aid system—Even the best-laid plans for balanced
workloads can run into trouble when the production
pitch gets too high or when some other problem causes
an imbalance in workloads. To prepare for such eventualities,
workers should be able to temporarily lend a hand
to adjacent upstream or downstream workers. Such “mutual
aid systems” are especially helpful during that tricky phase
when process improvements are being worked out. As such,
the mutual aid system should be considered a prerequisite
for improvement programs.
Figure 2.12 Attaching Casters to Make Equipment Movable.
Lesson 7. Move from Labor Reduction to
Worker Hour Minimization
Individual Efficiency and Overall Efficiency
Imagine a home electronics manufacturing plant, in which
20 or 30 female assembly workers are standing along an
assembly line conveyor, busily building TVs or VCRs. Those
not familiar with this kind of work find such an arrangement
quite amazing. They also wonder exactly what all those
assembly workers are doing.
Almost all of the workers on such assembly lines perform
work that includes five or six simple screw turns or wire
bonds, and they perform this task over and over all day long.
(See Figure 2.13.)
In such cases as this, we set a pitch time of 30 or 40 seconds,
then the workers work together trying to keep up the pace.
To the ordinary observer, it appears that all of the workers
are doing just this. However, someone trained in JIT who has
a sharp eye for identifying waste would cite this as a prime
example of “idle time waste.”
The fact is, if you have 30 people working on a line, their
actual production pitch will vary significantly from person to
should be movable enough to enable equipment layoutchanges when switching production over to different productmodels. Figure 2.12 shows an example of how immovableequipment can be made movable.Standard operations—Operations that vary from personto person create big problems. Instead, we need to standardizeoperations and develop jidoka to make the operationsstandard and simple enough for anyone to learn easily. Webegin by standardizing current operations and then proceedto make improvements.Flexible staff assignment system—Instead of the traditionalfixed staff assignment system, we should be using asystem that is flexible enough to accommodate staff assignmentchanges in accordance with labor requirements set bymarket demand.Mutual aid system—Even the best-laid plans for balancedworkloads can run into trouble when the productionpitch gets too high or when some other problem causesan imbalance in workloads. To prepare for such eventualities,workers should be able to temporarily lend a handto adjacent upstream or downstream workers. Such “mutualaid systems” are especially helpful during that tricky phasewhen process improvements are being worked out. As such,the mutual aid system should be considered a prerequisitefor improvement programs.Figure 2.12 Attaching Casters to Make Equipment Movable.Lesson 7. Move from Labor Reduction toWorker Hour MinimizationIndividual Efficiency and Overall EfficiencyImagine a home electronics manufacturing plant, in which20 or 30 female assembly workers are standing along anassembly line conveyor, busily building TVs or VCRs. Thosenot familiar with this kind of work find such an arrangementquite amazing. They also wonder exactly what all thoseassembly workers are doing.Almost all of the workers on such assembly lines performwork that includes five or six simple screw turns or wirebonds, and they perform this task over and over all day long.(See Figure 2.13.)In such cases as this, we set a pitch time of 30 or 40 seconds,then the workers work together trying to keep up the pace.To the ordinary observer, it appears that all of the workersare doing just this. However, someone trained in JIT who hasa sharp eye for identifying waste would cite this as a primeexample of “idle time waste.”The fact is, if you have 30 people working on a line, theiractual production pitch will vary significantly from person to
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