PREVENTION AND/OR CONTROL OF CHRONIC
diseases such as obesity is closely related to dietary
intake.1 However, the assessment of individual or
group dietary intake is a complex task because it
involves issues related to socioeconomic status and
biology.2 Dietary intake assessment often attempts to
quantify intake in addition to qualitatively assessing intake.
This information is useful for planning health actions and
formulating dietary recommendations for populations.3,4
Nevertheless, dietary surveys have questionable accuracy.5,6
Such methods have flaws inherent to dietary
assessment, and no gold standard is available yet. Studies
that use more than one type of concomitant dietary survey
lead to better data reliability.7 In addition, it is common to
attempt to validate the methods of assessing dietary intake
using biomarkers because these are not affected by the
biases usually present in survey data collection, such as
recall or interviewer bias.8
The doubly labeled water (DLW) technique is a gold standard
biomarker that allows a precise measurement of the
total energy expenditure (TEE).9 When an organism is in
energy balance, energy expenditure is equal to energy intake
(EI); hence, the DLW may be used to validate methods for
assessing usual EI accurately.10 Studies using the DLW technique
show the limitations of assessing dietary intake
through dietary surveys. In general, the survey methods
PREVENTION AND/OR CONTROL OF CHRONICdiseases such as obesity is closely related to dietaryintake.1 However, the assessment of individual orgroup dietary intake is a complex task because itinvolves issues related to socioeconomic status andbiology.2 Dietary intake assessment often attempts toquantify intake in addition to qualitatively assessing intake.This information is useful for planning health actions andformulating dietary recommendations for populations.3,4Nevertheless, dietary surveys have questionable accuracy.5,6Such methods have flaws inherent to dietaryassessment, and no gold standard is available yet. Studiesthat use more than one type of concomitant dietary surveylead to better data reliability.7 In addition, it is common toattempt to validate the methods of assessing dietary intakeusing biomarkers because these are not affected by thebiases usually present in survey data collection, such asrecall or interviewer bias.8The doubly labeled water (DLW) technique is a gold standardbiomarker that allows a precise measurement of thetotal energy expenditure (TEE).9 When an organism is inenergy balance, energy expenditure is equal to energy intake(EI); hence, the DLW may be used to validate methods forassessing usual EI accurately.10 Studies using the DLW techniqueshow the limitations of assessing dietary intakethrough dietary surveys. In general, the survey methods
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