Dry algal biomass was reacted directly with a mixture of methanol, chloroform and HCl (10:1:1 v/v/v) in 10 mL crimped vials at 90 C for 2 h. FAMEs were then extracted using hexane/chloroform (4:1, v/v) and analyzed via gas chromatography using an ion trap (GC-QP2010, Shimadzu, Japan).