. The Asian ginseng was extracted similarly and
in conjunction with the Ontario ginseng. Briefly, ground
ginseng was extracted by sonication three times for 25 min
each time at room temperature (25 °C) in 70 % methanol,
using 10 mL twice and 4 mL for the third extraction. The
phases were centrifuged using a 5810 R centrifuge (Eppendorf,
Hamburg, Germany) at 2,220g and the supernatants
were pooled and brought to 25 mL in a volumetric flask.
Extracts were dried using a centrifugal evaporator and lyophilized
using a Super Modulyo freeze dryer (Edwards
Crawley, UK). Then, 25 mg of crude ginseng extract was
dissolved in 1 mL of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSOd6)
by vortexing for 25 s. Each sample was then centrifuged