1.1. Controllingammoniacompoundsinaquaculture
Traditional processes to control ammonia compounds in recir- culation aquaculture systems (RAS) use nitrifying bacteria.
Nitrification is produced by two different species of bacteria in two consecutives stages, Nitrosomonas to convert ammonia (NH4+ or NH3 ) to nitrite (NO2 − ), and Nitrobacter to convert nitrite to nitrate (NO3 − ) (Chen et al., 2006; Emparanza, 2009).