Our findings suggest that residential proximity to a hazardous industrial site may contribute to early life respiratory admissions,beyond that of prevailing PM10. This study was initiated by theHealth Ministry in view of increasing public apprehension about potential adverse health effects among the population living in the area. The significant elevations of respiratory admissions that we found support this concern. Air quality management programs aimed to reduce emissions from the Neot Hovav Park may be fruitful in reducing respiratory admissions in early childhood.