aspects in relation to the ENMs, the matrix materials and the potential transformation processes in the waste system, as even small amounts of nanomaterials may potentially have adverse environmental effects (Baun et al. 2009; Stone et al. 2010). While Table 1 attempts to quantify global amounts of nanowaste, exposure to ENMs is indeed significantly related to local conditions, as the amounts and potential effects of ENMs stemming from waste may be highly variable, depending on the geographical and cultural context as well as the local waste management system (e.g. the sun screen bottle may undergo incineration in some regions).