Association phase
After the 10-minute exposure phase, the experimenter, owner,
and dog returned to the waiting room in the laboratory suite. During this time, the experimenter played a game with the dog to teach the dog to associate a blue bowl with treats. Several small pieces of liver treat, identical to the target treat, were placed in the dog bowl and given to the dog, one at a time. After 4 or 5 repetitions of handing the bowl directly to the dog, the owner then held the dog by the collar while the experimenter placed the bowl around a corner of the laboratory, just out of view of the dog. The dog was released by the owner and permitted to find the bowl; when the dogs approached the bowl quickly once they saw it at least 3 times in a row, they were deemed to have made the association between the bowl and the dog treats. Most dogs (n ¼ 39) made the association in less than 10 total trials; however, 5 dogs took between 10 and 20 trials, and 1 dog took 24 trials. Two dogs refused to eat the treats when they were offered by the experimenter. Because they appeared to lack motivation for the food, the session was terminated for these 2 dogs, and data from the exposure phase were excluded from analysis. The total number of dogs that participated in the testing phase was 45.
Association phase
After the 10-minute exposure phase, the experimenter, owner,
and dog returned to the waiting room in the laboratory suite. During this time, the experimenter played a game with the dog to teach the dog to associate a blue bowl with treats. Several small pieces of liver treat, identical to the target treat, were placed in the dog bowl and given to the dog, one at a time. After 4 or 5 repetitions of handing the bowl directly to the dog, the owner then held the dog by the collar while the experimenter placed the bowl around a corner of the laboratory, just out of view of the dog. The dog was released by the owner and permitted to find the bowl; when the dogs approached the bowl quickly once they saw it at least 3 times in a row, they were deemed to have made the association between the bowl and the dog treats. Most dogs (n ¼ 39) made the association in less than 10 total trials; however, 5 dogs took between 10 and 20 trials, and 1 dog took 24 trials. Two dogs refused to eat the treats when they were offered by the experimenter. Because they appeared to lack motivation for the food, the session was terminated for these 2 dogs, and data from the exposure phase were excluded from analysis. The total number of dogs that participated in the testing phase was 45.
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