Productivity is concerned with producing output efficiently, and it specifically addresses the relationship of output and the inputs used to produce the output. Usually, different combinations or mixes of inputs can be used to produce a given level of output total Productive efficiency is the point at which two conditions are satisfied: (1) for any mix of inputs that will produce a given output, no more of any one input is used than necessary to produce the output and (2) given the mixes that satisfy the first condition, the least costly mix is chosen. The first condition is driven by technical relationships and, therefore, is referred to as technical efficiency. Viewing activities as inputs, the first condition requires eliminating all non-value-added activities and performing value-added activities with the minimal quantities needed to produce the given output. The second condition is driven by relative input price relationships and, therefore, is referred to as input trade-off efficiency. Deviation from these fixed proportions creates input trade-off inefficiency.